CRJS300 U5IP Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

CRJS300 U5IP - Research Paper Example This case identifies with the U.S adolescent equity framework. There are lawful arrangements cherished in our constitution’s rights in type of Miranda, notice (Nissen, 2007) which give a few rights to adolescents during their capture by articulating their privileges and benefits. At the point when a kid is alluded or captured to the adolescent court framework, different procedures and techniques happen before the case is resolved and heard under the watchful eye of the adolescent court. As a lawyer represented considerable authority in the issues of the adolescent court, I will guarantee that I accomplish the most ideal result for Mrs. I’s young person yet by first letting, the due procedures of law court happen. A police secures the minor: Juvenile court matters go to the courts framework when a cop captures an adolescent for damaging a school official, gatekeeper, parent, or rule. Given Mrs., I’s minor took the vehicle; I would prescribe the official to arrest the minor to keep away from chaos. Admission: The adolescent court’s consumption office decides if further fair treatment is fundamental by assessing the case to decide whether there is adequate proof to proceed with the case, the minor ought to be sent to a social assistance office, or should the case be resolved in the adolescent court framework. Given the conditions encompassing the case, proof for arraignment of the minor is in the open area, I would in this way; suggest for a conference in court. Confinement: If there is deficient proof, assembled by the admission official, the minor might be discharged to the watchman, parent or kept in a minor remedial focus pending the court’s choice (Patterns and Trends in Juvenile Crime and Juvenile Justice, 2012). Nonetheless, if the admission individual finds the becoming aware of the case isn't important, a game plan can be composed to have minor helped by emotional wellness offices, school advisors, or youth administration offices. Since the proof to

Enron Analysis Essay Example for Free

Enron Analysis Essay Consider the interest for the three mainstream game consoles: Xbox, PS3 and Wii. Clarify the impact of the accompanying occasion on the interest for Xbox games, and the amount of Xbox games requested, different things continuing as before. a) The cost falls b) The cost of a PS3 and a Wii fall c) The quantity of individuals composing and delivering Xbox games builds d) Consumers pay increment e) Programmers who compose codes for Xbox games become all the more exorbitant to recruit f) The cost of a Xbox game is relied upon to fall g) another game comfort is created and promoted that is a nearby substitute to Xbox ) Increases b) Decrease c) Increase d) Increase e) Decrease f) Decrease g) Decrease 2. Understand Oswald, A (2001) â€Å"Economics that issues: Using the Tax System to Solve the Shortage of Human Organs† Kyklos Vol 54 (2-3), 379-81, accessible from the subject eLearning site and talk about his proposition for lessening passings because of the deficiency of organs for transplant. In your conversation, use terms, for example, flexibly, request, amount provided, amount requested, and draw request/gracefully graphs to explain your conversation. The flexibly of organs from organ donor’s doesn't fulfill the need of organ’s. There is an immense deficiency of givers, which represents a monstrous issue. Ideally, the amount requested would meet the amount provided and the market for organs would be in balance, as in the accompanying diagram: Oswald proposes that an expense section/motivating force could bring gracefully and request nearer together. As in the UK, the amount of organs requested is 6000 and the amount provided is just 3000. An assessment impetus will be a monetary expense, yet the advantages are incredible and may counteract the additional expense to citizens.

NC State MBA Essay Topics

NC State MBA Essay TopicsNC State MBA Essay Topics will help you hone your business writing skills. It is an important part of the MBA application and it also helps you stand out from the crowd. There are various popular NC State MBA Essay Topics. The options are available to enable you to write an essay in the way that suits you.One of the key aspects of the essay is its language. This should be clear, concise and precise. There are several rules that govern the format of the essay, so it should be written in a professional manner.First and foremost, you should use multiple choice questions. You should select the right answer using an objective statement. Other than objective statements, there are other things that you should do. You should include objective statements and other relevant information at the end of the essay. A good essay will contain an introduction section and then an introduction to each of the issues that are discussed.One of the key things that you should keep in mind is that you should get the facts right. Make sure that the evidence you present is indeed correct. This is the best way to ensure that your students graduate with high grades.There are many strategies that you can adopt in order to create a clear direction in your essay. Always start with a topic, and then organize your essay around that topic. Then include a summary of the issue at hand. This should be a summary that makes the entire point clear.If you want to include an objective statement, you should do this at the end of the essay. This will help the reader identify with the whole essay. Once you have clarified your position, you should present concrete facts and arguments. Your conclusion should also be strongly based on facts and not on a generalization.The task of selecting topics for your MBA Essay Topics can be easy if you have clear goals in mind. Your goal should be to choose topics that fit your professional and academic background. These topics can then be present ed to your students as an assignment. It is not only beneficial but it will also help you shape up your skills in business writing.The NC State MBA Essay Topics is a great way to get yourself familiar with the requirements. The requirements differ from one MBA program to another. However, there are some general guidelines that you can follow. It is easy to get the required information if you look for NC State MBA Essay Topics that have already been posted on the university's website.

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Australian Aid

Advantages and Disadvantages of Aid to Australia – Geography Essay The purpose of Australian Aid is to help developing countries around the world eradicate poverty and to promote stability and prosperity both in our region and beyond, by providing different types of assistance and financial support. Although Australia receives a number of benefits due to aid, several disadvantages can also arise as a result of this link with different countries. Providing aid to developing countries in the Asia-Pacific region allows the countries to develop politically and economically, helping the region prosper, and therefore improve Australia’s personal security. The aid provided by Australia helps developing countries to stabilise their situation†¦show more content†¦Therefore, the recipient countries over reliance on Australian aid money places a strain on the Australian economy, as well as the risk of witnessing a downfall of a nearby nation, which could result in the endangerment of Australia’s national security. An additional advantage of aid is that it provides Australia with strengthened diplomatic, economic and political ties to the recipient countries. As Australia is a prominent aid donor in the Asia-Pacific region, it has strong diplomatic ties with the developing countries of that area, and can therefore receive the benefits from such a relationship with these countries. An example of such a relationship would be the free trade agreements Australia signed with Singapore in 2003 and Thailand in 2005, Australia diplomatic relationship with these nations played a large role in the securing of these two agreements. Australia can also benefit from such a good relationship politically as the recipient country of Australian aid can support Australia’s politics. A strong relationship with a recipient nation would also allow Australia to form economic bonds with the developing country, such as the agreement of tied aid money – were the recipient must spend some of the aid money p rovided by Australia on Australia’s goods and services, therefore strengthening Australia’s economy. Hence, creating and maintaining strong relationships with recipient nations of Australian aid is advantages as itShow MoreRelatedDevelopment Challenges Of The Vietnam War1193 Words   |  5 Pages(GDP). The Gross National Income of Vietanm is 451.1 billion PPP dollars. Official Development Assisance Australian Agency for International Development or AusAID is an Australian government agency that is responible for foreign aid programs. Vietnam has improved greatly with strong economic growth and reducing poverty, however its in Australias national interest to give aid to Vietnam as it one of Australias most important and valued regional partners. AusAID says: â€Å" Although Vietnam hasRead MoreMedical Dominance Is A Concept Within The Australian Health Care System1369 Words   |  6 PagesMedical dominance is a concept within the Australian health care system which majorly impacts general practitioners (GPs), through giving them power over the associated economics and business of health services. This is specifically exemplified in their role within the health care system under the Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS), wherein they act as the primary care service providers in Australia. With reference to the private sector, the position of power given to GPs is exemplified through theirRead MoreA Brief Note On Pay Wave / Pay Pass1527 Words   |  7 Pagessecurity code for fraud protection. Advantages: 1. One of the many advantages of using PayWave/PayPass is that this method ensures that your credit card information is no longer accessible to retailers whom you purchase from. 2. As you don’t need to put in a PIN (Personalised Identification Number) or sign a receipt, it is substantially faster payment method as all you need to do is ‘tap and go’ which is cost and time affective. Disadvantages: 1. A major disadvantage is that consumers are required toRead MoreThe Expanding Demand for Energy and Other Services in Australia1096 Words   |  5 Pagesand demands are infinite and fulfilling them can become a daunting task for any developing country or nation. The Australian Federal Government is confronted with these endless demands daily and must make decisions that are both advantageous towards the Australian public and satisfies the rudimentary requirements and necessities of the nation. Energy is a primary need that the Australian public requires daily and the procedures of generating the immense amounts of electricity required for poweringRead MoreJap A Country And The Links That Australia1428 Words   |  6 PagesOver the years, Australian and Japanese relations have benefited from cultural links, achieved mostly through tourism. On average every year Australia welcomes over 700 000 Japanese tourists, while over 200 000 Australians visit Japan per year. Tourism is a cruc ial part of the links between Japan and Australia, because through tourism, both countries knowledge about each other’s culture, food and history grows significantly. This also extends to education. Every year many Australian students studyRead MoreConsumer Behaviour Essay1598 Words   |  7 Pagesto analyse and discuss how 2 consumer behaviour theories are applied in the Chinese chocolate market as well as how it differs from the Australian market. This paper discuss the chocolate industry of the most populous country of the world based on Market Segmentation and Maslow’s Theory, moreover presents how the Asian country is a potential market for Australian exporters. Chocolate history in China The Chinese taste for chocolate is relatively new if compared to the age of the countryRead MoreThe Digital Divide across the World1086 Words   |  4 Pagesdivide’ and factors influencing digital divide drawing on data of various continents including Australia and Europe. Secondly, the positive and negative developments to the society that may develop from linking the gap. Finally, advantages and disadvantages to the people that aids in growing their lives at personal, business, employment and global level to profit countries. The term digital divide refers to the gap between individuals with economical access to digital and information technology comparedRead MoreAdvantages and Disadvantages of Communication Technology761 Words   |  4 PagesThe Advantages and disadvantages of communication technology. As a very young child I recall my mother trying to get in contact with a family member in Co. Donegal. The lady she was trying to track down did not have a telephone so the means of contact were very awkward. She had to write a letter to the lady first and foremost and ask her to get in contact. After about 3 days the lady called my mother from a payphone in the town. In order for this woman to call she had to cycle 2 miles into theRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Feminised Labour1270 Words   |  6 PagesDespite the stereotypes that have been applied to female workers; that they are only fit for jobs that require domestic skills and skills relating to the management of emotions. Feminised Labor will be explored with examples, and also the advantages and disadvantages of the continued feminisation of the labour workforce. What is feminised labour? Feminised about is a term use to describe the increasing participation of women in the labour work force, worldwide since the 1980s (Z. Richer, 2012). TheRead MoreThe Current Government Measures Used For Aid Low Income Citizens1761 Words   |  8 Pagesset at between fifty to sixty percent of the median household income in Australia. The Australian Council of Social Services (ACOSS), found that poverty in 2011 to 2012 was considered to be a single adult with an income of less than four hundred dollars per week and a couple with two children earning less than eight-hundred and forty-one dollars per week. This constitutes in over two and a half million Australians and nearly fourteen percent of the national population having an income that is below

Music Therapy And Its Effect On Society - 1786 Words

As I was thinking about my own experiences with music and how music affects all mankind, I wondered how others were affected by music. Does music really make a difference or is it just an opinion. As early as the days of Aristotle and Plato, it was believed music had healing powers. (1- AMTA) When I began researching music therapy, it was much different than what I expected but I do believe it is a career that can beneficial to all. As I continued to explore the benefits of music therapy, I found much research that supports the use of music in many different areas helping the very, very young to the very, very old. When I presented the idea of music therapy, I had a totally different idea of what I thought it was. After completing some research, I now know music therapy is â€Å"the clinical and evidence-based use of music interventions to accomplish individualized goals with a therapeutic relationship by a credentialed professional who has completed an approved music therapy program.† (1 – AMTA) Music therapists must be fluent in music before they can become a therapist. Music therapy is not just listening to music on a CD, radio, or DVD†¦it is actually working with someone who can â€Å"design music sessions for individuals and groups based on client needs using music improvisation, receptive music listening, song writing, lyric discussion, music and imagery, music performance, and learning through music; participate in interdisciplinary treatment planning, ongoingShow MoreRelatedMusic Therapy And Its Effects On Society1697 Words   |  7 PagesFortunately, for the p eople facing these issues, there is. Music therapy is a relatively new approach that doctors, teachers, and many others are taking to help heal and improve the quality of life for their patients and students. It’s starting to become more common around the United States and is expected to become even more popular in the future. Books like Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart support the idea of music therapy by demonstrating how music can be used to soothe and improve the moods of individualsRead MoreTherapies For Autistic Children.Individuals Take For Granted1678 Words   |  7 PagesTherapies for Autistic Children Individuals take for granted the luxury of embodying qualities such as communication, interaction, and social and motor skills. Although, individuals may determine the aforementioned skills are more difficult to obtain because of a disability. Autism or autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disorder that effects many children in the United States of America. Communication, interaction, and motor and social skills are usually effected in the autistic child. Read MoreMusic And Its Importance On The Human Brain1605 Words   |  7 PagesPartida Ms.Ponder English IV, 6 Pd. 28 February,2015 Music And Its Importance On The Human Brain Music affects people of all ages developmentally , intellectually and medically as well as it affects their social , personal lives. In other words, music affects the way in which we think , behave and feel. Music tends to have a positive effect on the transfer of learning. For example , learning to play an instrument enhances the ability to rememberRead MoreReducing the Aches and Pains of Life with Music Therapy1286 Words   |  5 PagesTherapeutic use of music is also extremely effective at reducing the everyday aches and pains that humans experience. Slow and methodical music slows the brain waves and helps the muscles in our body to relax, reducing muscle pain (Coleman). A significant amount of today’s population also experiences depression in some shape way or form and music therapy has been proven to be one of the most successful ways to help patients cope with depression. â€Å"Individual music therapy combined with standardRead MoreMusic Therapy for Children with Autism: Essay1433 Words   |  6 PagesIn a setting with someone with autism spectrum disorder, music therapists make use of music as an educational tool to encourage learning. One of the purposes of music therapy for someone with autism is to provide the student with an initial assistance using melodious and rhythmic strategies, followed by fading of musical cues to assist in simplification and transfer to other learning environments. Music therapy has been proven to decrease symptoms of children with autism, and could even facilitateRead MoreJake Fuller. 05-16-2017. Hec 357. Music Therapy How It1621 Words   |  7 PagesHEC 357 Music Therapy; How it effects emotional and physical health. Purpose of Study The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects that music therapy has individual and family health. The purpose of study relates directly to benefitting the community. Research Questions How can music therapy effect an individual with a disability? How does music therapy effect an individual’s emotions? How can music therapy help with health issues? Definitions and Terms Music Therapy- Music therapy is a systematicRead MoreThe Benefits Of Music Therapy Essay1342 Words   |  6 PagesBenefits of Music Therapy Music therapy, a clinical use of music interventions to accomplish therapeutic goals, involves a broad range of activities including playing an instrument, singing, or listening to music. Similar to occupational and physical therapy, this expressive arts therapy remedies psychological conditions, such as depression, anxiety, or hypertension to maintain the well-being of an individual. Likewise, music has been a therapeutic tool that has shown positive effects to parts ofRead MoreMusic Therapy and Children Essay1603 Words   |  7 Pagesal., 2002, p. 379). In the nineteenth century, there was a desire to use the sounds of music to minimize pain. In the 1980s, the use of music therapy was documented, but it had not proved any effectiveness (Barrera et al., 2002, p.379). Also, Munro et al. (1987) reported that the Greeks used music in psychology treatment (p. 1029). Music therapy was defended by Munro et al. (1987) as â€Å"the controlled use of music, its elements and their influen ces on the human being to aid in the physiologic, psychologicRead MoreWhy Does Music Move Us?1099 Words   |  5 Pagesstyles and soothing melodies, but why? A number of recent research studies have shown that music has a unique and profound effect on the brain. In the article, â€Å"Why Does Music Move Us?†, Douglas McClennan claims that, as human beings, we are attracted to music and art for reasons other than entertainment. Researchers have studied the human attraction to music and there appears to be a connection between music and man rooted deep in the brain, but it is unknown as to why the brain responds as suchRead MoreBenefits Of Hip Hop784 Words   |  4 PagesMusic is human’s universal language no matter where people are from it has some type of effect on them. One genre of music that effects some people is Hip hop; it allows others to express themselves and to feel more confident. Hip hop has extensive positive benefits for society; it allows the artist s to speak about problems in the world like injustices, crime, or poverty, and it also helps with exercise by allowing the participant to accomplish aerobic and anaerobic benefits; furthermore, hip hop

The Night of the Hunter Essay - 956 Words

â€Å"The Night of the Hunter† Anna N. Beach Paper #1 March 7, 2011 â€Å"The Night of The Hunter† is a thriller written by Davis Grubb in 1953. It is imaginably chilling and disturbing. The book is based upon a true story of a frightening man who was hung for murdering two women and three children. One of the main characters portrayed as the murderer, plays the role of Harry Powell, who was just released from prison, but describes himself as a man of God, and a preacher of the word. His psychotic inclinations lead him to a journey of a desperate pursuit of money, left behind by his prison mate Ben Harper. The story leads to an anticipating tale, of a dream-like fantasy. Written to be an adult novel the two main characters, John and†¦show more content†¦John nearly shut down and shut out all who were against him. He focused on what was important, which was his and Pearl’s survival. Pearl on the other hand, being only 4 years old lived as though nothing was wrong. She was very naive, and didn’t understand what was happeni ng; she lived in her own imaginary world. Although, John and Pearl play extremely important roles in the novel, there are other characters that bring together the story and are important to the overall theme. Harry Powell, the preacher, is disturbing. He was a mass murderer who killed women for money. His psychotic mind led him to believe that God was telling him to commit the crimes. He was conniving and immoral. He tricked people into believing that he was a righteous man, who obeyed by the laws of the bible. Willa, John and Pearls mother, was gullible and influenced easily. She was very trusting of Harry Powell’s word, and refused to believe anyone else but him. She wanted nothing but to impress him. She felt that he would be a great father figure to the children. Her trust in Harry Powell leads her to her death. Another character in the story, Rachel, a tough, resolute individual, believed in defending herself and others she cared about especially those such as John, and Pearl. Deep down at heart, even though she seemed calloused, she was a gentle, considerate woman, with great concern for her children thatShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Night Of The Hunter: The Preacher906 Words   |  4 Pages The Night of the Hunter: The Preacher nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;When describing the preacher, John says, â€Å"His name is Harry Powell. But the names of his fingers are E and V and O and L and E and T and A and H and that story he tells about one hand being Hate and the other hand being Love is a lie because they are both hate and to watch them moving scares me worse than shadows, worse than the wind.† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;This description shows the absolute essence of the preachersRead More Effective Use of Montage in the Movie, The Night of the Hunter869 Words   |  4 PagesEffective Use of Montage in the Movie, The Night of the Hunter A rapid succession of images or scenes that exhibits different aspects of the same idea or situation, this is the definition of montage as provided by Encarta Encyclopedia ’98. The idea of a â€Å"montage of attractions† was first used by Eisenstein and Pudovkin in the 1920s for the purpose of invoking specific emotions in the viewers. The movie The Night of the Hunter starring Robert Mitchum and Lillian Gish makes use of this film techniqueRead MoreTo What Extent Does the Mise-En-Scene in ‘Night of the Hunter’ Reinforce an Understanding of the Films Mood, Character and Narrative Themes?1168 Words   |  5 PagesTo what extent does the Mise-en-Scene in ‘Night of the Hunter’ reinforce an understanding of the films mood, character and narrative themes? The term Mise-en-Scene is used to signify the director’s control over what happens in the film frame. In English the phrase literally translates to â€Å"putting in the scene† (Bordwell, 2010a). ‘Night of the Hunter’ (Charles Laughton, 1955) is a prime example of a film that uses aspects of Mise-en-Scene to sway the audience’s opinions of characters and theirRead MoreShort Story783 Words   |  4 PagesHunter Cole welcomed the man with the angry eyes to Dal-Mart. When this man stared at the snake in hell tattoo on the inside of Hunter’s right forearm and then told Hunter to have an especially great time himself, it gave Hunter chills down his spine, especially how he stared at the tattoo on his arm. Most mostly those words and how he said it... â€Å"I hope youre having an especially great time...† These words sounded familiar to Hunter, and was in the back of his mind. But Hunter couldnt rememberRead MoreJetty Rats1442 Words   |  6 Pagescomplex. Hunter and Jasmine are an example of this. They are different genders that were really close friends until that night in the bus (chapter 27). Hunter thought they were going out, until the afternoon at McDonalds (chapter 38). Hunter was dropped by Storm and he didn’t talk to the photocopies for a while. Hunter called them non-people and ectoplastic blobs, he said life was so much better without them and he couldn’t believe he hanged around them; they became estranged. The night when Hunter catchesRead MoreHow For A Hunter, By Pam Houston957 Words   |  4 PagesHow to Talk to a Hunter In the story â€Å"How to Talk to a Hunter†, by Pam Houston takes place in the frigid winter of Alaska. The story is about a hunter and how he cheats on his girlfriend with the narrator. The narrator tells the story in second person, and talks about her and the hunter’s love life. She talks about all the things the hunter will do when they are in his house to make love to you. Also, during the story she talks about her friends giving her advice on what to do with the situationRead MoreText Analysis - Short Stories Essay682 Words   |  3 PagesHow have the authors, Hunter and Dahl, created a sinister tone in their short stories you have studied? Tone is of great significance to the storyline as it portrays the reader’s attitude while expressing the genre. Tony Hunter’s ‘Listen to the End’ and Roald Dahl’s ‘The Landlady’ both guide the audience through their violent and mysterious stories that begin with a powerless main character on a dark, shivering evening. However, through varying and distinctive techniques, the two short storiesRead MoreHunting Deer Dogs Should Be Banned934 Words   |  4 Pagesdeer with dogs is a very fast paced technique of hunting. Hunters line up in a horizontal line in the woods and wait patiently for the dogs to flush the deer into their sight. Hunters then shoot anything that runs out of the woods because if they wait too long to determine how mature the deer is, the deer will have already ran by them. Not only are young deer killed, but sometimes, the poor, innocent dogs are shot on accident and a hunter may be in the wrong place at the wrong time a lso. HuntingRead MoreSociety is not so Civil in the Wild800 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Chief.† Instead Jack became the leader of the hunters. The hunters were in charge of catching pigs that were on the island and keeping up the signal fire. As time moved on the young boys began to have a fear of a creature that they called the â€Å"Beast.† The older boys said this was nonsense and tried to continue the rescue mission. Soon after, twin brothers, Sam and Eric said that they saw the beast at night. Fear became real to every boy, but the hunters vowed that they would kill the beast if theyRead MoreUnderground to Canada: Ch 11-15 by: Danish Khan1711 Words   |  7 PagesAdam finally set out on the path that they must walk to reach their long and painfully awaited freedom. Traveling north they encounter slave hunters and mean, nasty, evil spirited sheriffs, all of whom that want grab them out of their destiny and put them all back to their cages, back to the Riley plantation. Along the way, the clutches of the slave hunters capture Lester and Adam. Hoping that their fallen companions would be fine and would manage to escape somehow, Julilly and Liza continue their

Social Media and Costa Coffee free essay sample

This report explores Costa Coffee’s market presence worldwide and within Singapore. First details the completed background research and product concepts for Costa Coffee. Next, listed is their current social media overview. This includes their presence and amount of activity on different platforms, such as Twitter and Facebook. After thorough research, Costa Coffee’s target consumers are students and working professionals, aged 20-40 years. Both segments are heavy consumers of specialty coffee and very active on many social media platforms. Currently, Costa Coffee is lacking awareness in the Singapore coffee market. To increase brand awareness, there are three effective social media strategies: Singapore Costa Coffee’s virtual tour, YouTube video channel, and the Costa Coffee Facebook page. Certain benefits will include brand awareness of the Mocha Italia coffee, user engagement, and increased online discussion. Lastly, the potential and inevitable risks are outlined. Company Overview Costa Coffee is a coffee house chain founded in London, in 1971, by brothers Bruno and Sergio Costa. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Media and Costa Coffee or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At the time, Bruno and Sergio Costa simply supplied coffee to local caterers and coffee shops. However, with the increasing popularity of their coffee they opened the first Costa Coffee outlet on Vauxhall Bridge Road in London, in 1978. In 1995, the Whitbred Company acquired Costa Coffee. Today, Costa Coffee is the largest and fastest growing coffee house chain in the United Kingdom. Costa Coffee entered the Singapore market in 2012 (Costa Coffee, 2013). Costa Coffee’s main mission is, â€Å"To serve the best quality coffee in true Italian style†. The company has incorporated this into all its brand touch-points, including its products, prices, outlets and campaigns. In addition, Costa Coffee’s vision is, â€Å"To be the best hospitality company that there is a family of related hotel, restaurant and leisure club brands recognized by its people, guests and investors as leaders in each market in which it operates. † (Whitbred PLC Annual Report and Accounts, 2012-2013). Costa Coffee has also established several goals which relate to its vision and mission statements, these include: Product Concept Costa Coffee is an Italian blend coffee, which is made exclusively from six different types of slow roasted Arabic beans. This gives the coffee a fuller flavor and a stronger aroma. Additionally, Costa Coffee is one of the few coffee brands, which has its own roastery. This ensures that each cup of coffee is of the highest quality. Moreover, in a day and age where corporate social responsibility is becoming a global concern, Costa Coffee harvests its coffee beans from only the very best: 100% Rainforest Alliance approved fields. Costa Coffee aims to signify luxury, excellence and perfection. All of which are incorporated in the various dimensions of the Costa experience, including, its products, prices, outlets, campaigns and employees. Apart from coffee, Costa also offers a wide range of food (paninis, toasties, sandwiches and wraps) and desserts (cakes, pastries, brownies, muffins, pies and bakes)(Costa Coffee, 2013). Costa Coffee customers are those who enjoy the true Italian taste that the Italian blend offers. Customers are not only coffee lovers, but are those who appreciate quality and variety. Today, Costa Coffee has become a favorite for individuals on-the-go, whether they are taking a break from work or just shopping in the mall. To increase customer convenience and accessibility, Costa Coffee has creatively designed 5 ways through which individuals can enjoy the Costa Coffee experience: Costa Outlet, Costa Metro, Costa Express, Costa Drive-Thru and Catering (Costa Coffee, 2013). By having these different types of establishments, Costa Coffee reaches out to all coffee lovers, increasing its competitive advantage and brand loyalty. Social Media Overview Costa Coffee is currently present on social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter. Their Facebook page has about one million likes and Costa Coffee Singapore has about 7,500 likes. Costa Coffee is working intensely with their Facebook page by posting pictures of their products and new offers. The company is also active on Twitter, where they have about 60,000 followers worldwide. On their Twitter page, Costa Coffee is marketing their products and presenting offers that are specific for the current season. They also have three employers who are working on a daily basis between 9am-5pm answering customer questions. Their website is user-friendly as it includes a logical design about clear product information, their organization overview, and their commitment to Rainforest Alliance. Costa Coffee is active on most social media communities and is doing quite well when it comes to customer-to-company relationships. Target Consumer: Working Professionals and Students (Aged 18-40) The 2013 National Coffee Drinking Trends market research report produced by the National Coffee Association (NCA) reveals that the adult coffee drinking market segment is increasing. There was an increase in 5% of American Adults that drink coffee in 2013 (up from 83% in 2012) (Vending Market Watch, 2013). Likewise, â€Å"according to statistic from Euromonitor, the UK market for coffee†¦is forecast to grow by at least 10% in the next two years. Today, about 80% of UK adult population drink coffee (as cited in Urbantimes, 2013). In addition, a new report from the NCA states that one in three had drank a gourmet coffee yesterday, which solidifies the assumption that the specialty coffee market is growing at a stronger rate (Vending Market Watch, 2013). Well brewed, specialty coffees have turned into a commodity among working professionals and students. It has become universal over different income categories but still remains among the highly educated segment. Costa is focusing on students, professors, and other faculty due to their high consumption of coffee and their desire to use Costa locations as a convenient place to relax, gather, and study. According to a survey carried out by the National Coffee Association, 40% of 18-24 year olds are drinking a coffee each day. This is a drastic increase from the 31% of this age group who said they were daily coffee drinkers in 2010 (as cited in Urbantimes, 2013). It is important to notice that daily coffees are becoming part of the â€Å"student life†. Not only are students avid coffee drinkers, but also very active on social media sites. According to a survey done in 2012, 83% of 18-29 year olds are present on social media sites (Pew Internet American Life Project, 2013). The â€Å"student† segment is a critical target audience to Costa Coffee because of their coffee consumption and their ability to be reached through social media. As far as students’ expectations, more are saying they want convenience, consistency, and accessibility in a coffee shop. They are paying higher for specialty coffee due to its’ differentiation from cheap, inconsistent places such as Singapore Kopitiams. Not only do they expect quality in their coffee, but students also want a place to get their work done. It is often difficult to complete work in a dorm room, as it is loud and noisy. Likewise, the library can get very full and at times even be impossible to find a seat. Coffee shops provide a comfortable and relaxing ambiance where students can complete papers and study; they become places of refuge. Working professionals is also another heavily targeted group for Costa Coffee. In certain countries, over three-quarters of the adult population are coffee drinkers as revealed in the statistics above. Working professionals, roughly 25-40, are also increasingly active on social networking sites. Another survey by the Pew Research Center’s Internet American Life Project states that 72% of online adults use social networking sites (2013). What is even more intriguing is use of social networking continues to grow among older users. In 2009, in the age group of 30-49 years old, 48% of adults were using social networking sites. In one year alone, there was a 27% increase in this age category (Pew Internet American Life Project, 2010). Therefore, these statistics clearly indicate why the working professionals segment is equally important to the Costa Coffee’s social media campaigns. Both of these segments are growing steadily on social media presences and have high consumptions of coffee daily. Working professionals value a coffee shop’s ambiance for different reasons than students; often times, they like to use their favorite coffee shop as a place to take a client, to hold a meeting, or as an office away from the office. Similar to students expectations, working professionals value the convenience, the consistency, and the accessibility. In addition, beverage quality, speed of service, and â€Å"customer intimacy† are highly valued to this market segment. Objectives A primary survey was conducted on 51 Singaporean respondents (from the target  audience as identified above) to get a better understanding about Costa Coffee in Singapore (survey, 2013). Findings of the survey are given below: Graph 1: The survey shows that Starbucks Coffee is the most prominent premium coffee brand, followed by The Coffee Bean Tea Leaf and The Connoisseur Concerto. Additionally, only 6% of the respondents know about Costa Coffee. This is an indication that Costa Coffee has co mparatively low brand awareness. Graph 2: Of 50 respondents, 71% have never been to Costa Coffee before. This supports the conclusion that Costa Coffee has low brand awareness. Graph 3: Of 36 respondents who have never been to Costa Coffee, 86% indicated that they are willing to try it. This implies a potential demand for Costa Coffee to grow its market share. The objectives with the social media strategy, i. e. the virtual tour, is to increase Costa Coffee’s brand awareness by marketing Costa Coffee’s Italian blend coffee and company owned roastery. In other words, reasons for unique taste. As the charts reveal, Costa Coffee has low brand awareness in Singapore and therefore needs further marketing in order to compete with other chains such as Starbucks, The Coffee Bean and Tea Leaf. Another factor that indicates low brand awareness was mentioned above stating the low number of likes on the Costa Coffee Singapore Facebook page (7500 in Singapore compared to 1 million worldwide). One reason for the low brand awareness might be the fact that Costa Coffee only has 8 stores in Singapore, compared to Starbucks which has about 100 stores (Costa Coffee, 2013), (Starbucks, 2013). Something that also needs to be kept in mind is that Costa Coffee Singapore is still in their growth stage since the first store opened in 2012. Message Strategy The overall message we want to get across to people through our social media strategy is why they should choose our coffee shops over competitors. We want to express what Costa has to offer that other organizations do not. There are three important messages we want to get across: Costa demonstrates corporate social responsibility (CSR), offers only the finest Italian blend of coffee and delivers exceptional customer service to a wide variety of customers. It is one of Costa’s goals to leave a lasting impression on its customers, not the environment (Costa Coffee, 2013). According to a Nielsen survey, â€Å"66% of consumers around the world say they prefer to buy products and services from companies that have implemented programs to give back to society†; â€Å"63% of those consumers are under the age of 40†; and â€Å"46% say they are willing to pay extra for products and services from these companies† (The global, socially, 2012). It is safe to say based on these stats why Costa has made sure that, â€Å"100% of the coffee used to make the unique Mocha Italia blend comes from sustainably grown beans sourced from Rainforest Alliance Certified farms† (Costa Coffee, 2013). To attain this certification, farms of Costa must prove that not only are the fields carefully sustained but also the farmers working in the fields. This is why The Costa Foundation was set up: â€Å"to give back to the communities in which Costa sources its coffee beans from† (Costa Coffee, 2013). Costa coffee’s most recent CSR venture has been towards making a more recyclable, environmentally friendly coffee cup. From already using â€Å"certified sustainable pulp and vegetable, instead of oil-based, ink† to using â€Å"increased recycled content or using FSC certified virgin pulp paper† (Costa Coffee, 2013). Costa understands that its coffee lovers want quality Italian taste, which is why â€Å"only 1% of the world’s production of coffee is good enough to go into creating the unique taste and aroma of the Mocha Italia Blend† (Costa Coffee, 2013). Costa coffee drinkers can enjoy consistency and familiarity each time they take their first sip of a freshly brewed coffee or coffee specialty drink. They will experience a handcrafted drink accompanied with a stronger aroma and true Italian taste. Exceptional customer service starts with empowered employees, â€Å"With technical skill, personality and passion for coffee, they have all the right ingredients to make a perfect cup, time after time† (Costa Coffee, 2013). If you order a coffee you may notice one or two coffee beans on a barista’s shirt collar. If you see two this means that they are a â€Å"barista maestro†, the best of the best when it comes to coffee knowledge and creativity of drink making. Costa baristas are passionate about where they work and understand the love of great coffee. When a customer walks into a Costa coffee shop they will immediately recognize the warm and welcoming ambiance. To reach a wide variety of customers, whether its someone on the go, having a business meeting, or looking for a place to take a break, as mentioned above, Costa has carefully designed 5 different methods of delivery: the original Costa coffee shop, Costa Metro, Costa Express, Costa Drive Thru and even supplying of Costa coffee to local restaurants, pubs, bars, etcetra (Costa Coffee, 2013).

Role of Government in Capitalism Essay Example

Role of Government in Capitalism Paper Free market capitalism is a system of  economics  that minimizes government intervention and maximizes the role of the  market. A free market economy is based on supply and demand with little or no government control. A completely free market is an idealized form of a market economy where buyers and sellers are allowed to transact freely (i. e. buy/sell/trade) based on a mutual agreement on price without state intervention in the form of taxes, subsidies or regulation. Government  regulations, trade barriers, and labor laws are generally thought to distort the market. In practice, no country or jurisdiction has a completely free market. How Much Government is needed in the free capitalism arena? Should we expand our faith in free market capitalism, or do we need government intervention in each and every aspect of business economy? The role of government just considered is to do something that the market cannot do for itself, namely, to determine, arbitrate, and enforce the rules of the game. Railroads, Parks, Highways are an excellent example. A good society requires that its members agree on the general conditions that will govern relations among them. The basic roles of government in a free society is to provide a means whereby we can modify the rules, to mediate differences among us on the meaning of the rules, and to enforce compliance with the rules. According to Adam Smith, self-interest (not selfishness), property rights and division of labor are three important interrelated pillars of economic growth. Some of the market values include the below and the failure can happen if we miss any of the below qualities. * Discipline * Honesty and trustworthiness * Tolerance * Cooperation * Courtesy * Enterprise * Responsibility Market failure occurs due to many reasons. Some of those reasons are: * Monopoly power * When producers do not fully bear total costs of products or are unable to capture all benefits of producing products. * When there is a common property resource. Common property is nobodys property, hence the property is misused. * Lack of information, misinformation or asymmetry of information. * Risk and/or uncertainty * Economic Bubbles * Environmental Pollution. * Exploitation of Workers. * Unsafe and Ineffective Products. * Corporate Fraud and Theft. * Neglect of Public Goods. * Neglect of Social and Public Investments. * Hidden Information. * Inability to Plan. Boom and Bust Cycles. * Lack of Markets. * Poverty and Economic Inequality. * Lack of Opportunity and Economic Mobility. There are a host of other areas where free markets will not work efficiently and promote public welfare without some government intervention. For example, areas of product safety, workplace safety, airwaves allocation, oil and gas exploration. Therefore gov ernment intervention is essential for the working of free and competitive markets. Role of a government in a market economy should: * Provide a legal system to make and enforce laws and to protect private property rights. Provide public goods that individuals or private businesses would not provide. * Correct market failures such as external costs and economic slowdown (unemployment) * Maintain competition by regulating monopolies * Stabilize the economy by reducing unemployment and inflation and promoting economic growth. We can give two great examples where government intervention is needed 2001 dot. com bubble and subprime mortgage crisis. For 2001 . com bubble, government has to step in and put some regulations in the market to curb the crisis. In late 2008 US financial markets seemed near collapse. We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Government in Capitalism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Government in Capitalism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Government in Capitalism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The financial community’s near collapse had been most directly ignited by the subprime mortgage crisis; a situation in which the nation’s housing bubble burst and millions of Americans were no longer able to pay their home mortgages. Lending had essentially frozen. A great name in banking, Lehman Brothers, went bankrupt while Wall Street powers Bear Stearns and Merrill Lynch, facing failure, were sold. One estimate is that the total Federal Reserve aid package, at its peak, reached $3. 3 trillion. Through its Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) and other initiatives, the government assisted companies considered â€Å"too big to fail. The government undertook various stimulative measures including tax breaks, bond sales, and direct injections of federal money to prop up the badly faltering economy. In a centerpiece of the stimulus effort, about $800 billion was spent on such projects as road construction, extension of unemployment benefits, help to states in meeting Me dicaid costs, and high-speed rail transportation. National unemployment was in the 10 percent range, and the government decided to use all of its powers to quickly build jobs and otherwise rescue the economy to avert a total crash. Some of the government programs might put the country in more and more debt situation and for example cash for first-time homeowners, cash for clunkers, payroll tax reductions a year at a time, Obama Care, subsidies for electric vehicles, cash for investments in green energy, taxes on medical devices, a Fed that now is not just managing inflation, but also trying to improve the economy through artificially low interest rates over a very long period of time and a major increase in new regulations. All of these interventions have impacts on the costs of products and services, prices of those products and services. Even biggest democratic countries like India are planning to privatize lot of government sectors for example trash, transportation. The government currently ties a noose around the neck of the free market in a multitude of ways. It has rules and regulations, favors to special interest groups, currency debasement by inflating the money supply etc. , All these things disrupt the free market. There is no doubt that government alone cannot make an economy work for the betterment of all its citizens. It does need to partner with a  progressive  private sector to make that happen. Limited government and show the presence wherever needed, makes government the strongest ally in the business world and we can create a better business together. References: http://books. cat-v. org/economics/capitalism-and-freedom/chapter_02 http://highered. mcgraw-hill. com/sites/dl/free/0073525006/928301/McAdams_10e_Chapter_1. pdf http://www. governmentisgood. com/articles. php? aid=13;print=1

Environmental Crisis essays

Environmental Crisis essays The Environmental Crisis is it real? IN the section The Environmental Crisis is it real? the author Barbara Ruben tries to explain why media coverage of the environmental situation has been skewed. In the early 90s there was an environmental backlash in the media that tried to downplay the environmental situation. Some articles and books would twist science to their advantage proving their point, using phrases like some scientists say or experts agree to support their claims. But environmental groups did not help the situation when they didnt use the whole truth in their arguments, and in doing so had to be regarded with the same amount of skepticism as politicians. In the medias haste to offer balanced coverage of both sides of the issue, journalists would use any opposing source regardless of its scientific credibility. At times on some issues such as the ozone layer it was so bad that newspaper readers in different cities would be told opposite reports. These reports ranged from: the problem is not that bad, to the problem will fix itself, to the problem is not a problem at all, to the problem is a problem. Some of the obvious flaws if the research of these problems lied in funding. Some of the scientists that claimed other things such as CO2 were damaging the ozone layer, were funded by some of the largest utility trade associations. Such a factor would obviously bias the results of the scientists. Possibly the worst thing about the confusion on environmental issues is that by the time the debate is resolved, it may be too late to fix the problem being disputed. Environmental conditions are deteriorating In this article, adapted from a speech by Al Gore, he sites examples of two major reasons for the degradation to the environment. The first factor he points out is overpopulation and the fact that the pop ...

Is the U.S. Winning the Drug War in Latin America Research Paper

Is the U.S. Winning the Drug War in Latin America - Research Paper Example CON: No the U.S. is NOT winning the war on drugs in Latin America because†¦ 1. War on drugs has been a waste of precious time and resources that could have been put to better use elsewhere 2. The war on drugs has been problematic for the Latin American governments specifically as they are ones being subjected to mass murders and violence like never before 3. War has led to weakened institutions and social instability in these countries leading to more wiggle-room for these cartels 4. According to the figures, consumption of illegal drugs has steadily increased in the United States. The United States Secretary of Homeland Security Janet Napolitano believes that the war on drugs is a success. According to her "I would not agree with the premise that the drug war is a failure," Napolitano said. "It is a continuing effort to keep our peoples from becoming addicted to dangerous drugs." The U.S. government undertakes this campaign with the help of participating countries, mostly from Latin America. The aims of this campaign are several. Firstly, the American War on Drugs aims to reduce illegal drug trade. Secondly, their goal is to fight leftist political movements, riots and revolts in other countries. The accompanying laws set out strict policies and rulings in order to put a damper on the production, distribution and consumption of targeted substances. (Grillo and Garcia, 2012; The White House.gov, n.d.) The United States undertook the War on Drugs during the Nixon administration and forty years on it is still raging. It is an extremely controversial operation by the United States on the international illegal drug trade. The War on Drugs has been on for a long time. And many believe that it is being won too. (Grillo and Garcia, 2012) The American war on drugs is considered a success because it is steadily accomplishing its goals of deterring illicit drugs from entering United States. Even though the act still happens, the border patrol security has been catch ing criminals in the act which are later tried in the court of law. This has made many drug traffickers move on to different trade as the danger and stigma associated with drug transportation has increased significantly. The drug trade has many harmful effects on the safety, health and security of the American citizens. (The White House.gov, n.d.) U.S. and Mexican law enforcement officials are of the opinion that the current wave of violence in Mexico and other Latin American countries is due to the fact that the war on drugs is creating intense pressures on the drug-related organizations and these come clashing into each other. "If the drug effort were failing there would be no violence," a senior U.S. official said Wednesday. There is violence "because these guys are flailing. We're taking these guys out. The worst thing you could do is stop now." (De-Cordoba) Drug users put a huge strain on society and cocaine related violence is an example of what it does to drug abusers and tho se around them. Therefore, it is important to support the war on drugs. It may seem expensive, but the effect of drug abuser on our society’s health is even more costly in the long run. (United Nations, 1994) Compared to 30 years ago, there has been a 46% decrease in cocaine use among young adults in the past five years. Another facet of this is the education program for teenagers and young adults in which they are educated about the perils of drug abuse. Even though

Discussion DESIGN Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion DESIGN - Assignment Example To do this costume designers conduct a thorough research. Sometimes it is possible to adjust costumes to the à ©poque as it happened with the costume designer of â€Å"The Tudors† who â€Å"tudorized† the costumes adding minor details or changing the style. Costume designers read the script and think of how they can best transmit all information about the characters in the most appropriate way. Since part of the costumes are created for the non-human characters, such as spirits, animals, wizards, costume designers have to transform the existing tissues and styles to make them look less trivial. Costume designers take inspiration everywhere; they can use feathers, plants, shells in clothes in order to reveal special traits of the personages such as ability to fly for example. Moreover, costume designers use folk motives in their costumes to recreate the origin of the characters. Thus in order to make costumes for the â€Å" The Lion King† costume designer used national African tribal outfits and transformed them for the characters. It is necessary to remember that costumes have to allow personages do what they must do on stage: run, jump, fly. The costumes must be easy to wear in case when characters have to change clothes severa l times during performance. Costume designers collaborate with all the team to create a general look of a play or a

International Monetary Fund Essay Example for Free

International Monetary Fund Essay The question â€Å"To what extent has the International Monetary Fund contributed in revamping the Nigerian economy since the 1980’s?† is a question that helps us to evaluate the true impact of international monetary policy.   In order to further understand the meaning of this question, this paper will examine the following subjects – 1) the meaning of the question, 2) the significance of the question for International Relations scholars, 3) how the question relates to other published work in the area, and 4) what methods would be employed to answer the question. First of all, the question is directly focused on economic impacts.   However, the question is not simply a matter of metrics, because the question is directed at procedural changes as well.   The question is focused on the restructuring of the Nigerian economy.   To only use economic metrics would fail to address the consequences restructuring entails.   When the IMF releases money to a country, they stipulate conditions that the country must meet. Therefore, the question is also directed at the matching the directives of the IMF with the implementation within Nigeria.   The question is not asking if the IMF has had a positive or negative impact on Nigeria, so value judgments can be left aside.   However, there are several hidden economic impacts.   Structural changes to the workforce, changes in occupations, and new roles within the economy are all more difficult to measure, but can be considered a result of economic policy.    Therefore, the question means 1) what are the economic stipulations of the IMF from the 1980’s until now, 2) has the Nigerian government met the requirements of the IMF, 3) what restructuring has occurred within the Nigerian economy as a result of the IMF, 4) what economic measures can be attributed to these changes, and 5) what are the indirect economic impacts of the IMF policies. International relations scholars are interested in this question because the answers yield important data on the impacts of policy.   International relations scholars are often consulted on questions of policy.   It is therefore in their best interest to know the impacts of policies made in the past.   In this regard, they are historians.   First of all, it is critically important for International Relations scholars to understand what the IMF has attempted to revamp within the Nigerian economy by tracing the stipulations as they were made. Additionally, the scholar can look at the Nigerian government’s ability to meet the demands of the IMF.   How well were they able to integrate the changes required by the IMF.   Were there consequences that required new policies in the future?   In tracing these policy changes, the scholar can also piece their own picture together of what the IMF did well (what was effective), and what changes needed to be made in direction in order to achieve effectiveness.   They can also have a unique insight into the culture and politics of Nigeria, as well as the internal culture and politics of the IMF. At this point, the International Relations scholar can also know what economic measures are affected by differing types of policies and requirements.   Additionally, they can make recommendations on what types of correlations can be found between initiative and their impact.   Perhaps some of the most valuable information for International Relations scholars, however, is related to the indirect impact of the IMF’s policies. When looking at the restructuring of the Nigerian economy, the International Relations scholar is able to examine the changes within the population, how people moved around, the changes in families, etc.   This type of information allows for a more comprehensive picture of economic change and the effects policy can have on cultural change.   Also, this may highlight the challenges represented by a more powerful entity interacting with a less powerful entity on a global scale. There has been much written about Nigeria since the 1980’s.   There are environmental reports, malnutrition reports, and economic reports.   However, these all approach Nigeria from a different perspective than the direction of this question.   This question seeks to directly explore the impact of IMF policies and economic aid on the revamping of the Nigerian economy.   As such, this question seeks to provide supporting information of the changes in Nigeria.   It seeks to trace change related to IMF policies alone.    It is impossible to completely know what current conditions in Nigeria are caused solely or even primarily by the IMF policies, however by focusing on the IMF, widespread impacts can be evaluated from IMF policies.   It is taking the infusion of money and change of monetary policy as the starting point and looking for the economic aspects affected.   One of the main sources for research on these types of development programs is found with the World Bank.   A particularly useful document is â€Å"The Evolution of Poverty and Welfare in Nigeria, 1982 – 1992.†[1]Using this document and also information from the IMF, the scholar can tie together the policies of the IMF and the effects. In order to study such a complex issues, a rigorous approach will need to be taken.   It is the most difficult to know the indirect impacts of the IMF’s economic policies.   It is undesirable to claim that changes were a result of IMF policy, if in fact, they owed their existence to a governmental or environmental change.   However, the economy is so closely entwined with all aspects of life, the implications of the IMF policies will be seen to have far-reaching consequences. Therefore, we can begin by examining the Nigerian economy and economic statistics in 1980, and comparing them with the present day to get snapshots of the economic health of Nigeria at these two points in time.   These snapshots, however, encompass other economic influences other than the IMF programs.   Then the specific policies of the IMF and their objectives are compared to the resulting economic changes to see if the stated goals have been achieved via metrics. Also involved in this analysis is the ability of the Nigerian government to implement the changes required by the IMF.  Ã‚   This area of analysis is perhaps the easiest, as the initiatives of the IMF are easily available.   However, information on the implementation and the implementation’s challenges may be more difficult to find.   Looking at a timeline of IMF policies, one can also deduce what was effective or not effective.   If a policy was ineffective, then in a later cycle we should find a correction or an abandonment of the program. The internal structure of the government and economy can also be viewed.   The way that money flows and what directions can be measured.   It is important to see structural change since the 1980’s.   The Nigerian government worked with the IMF to develop the National Economic and Empowerment Development Strategy in 2004.[2]   This document reviews previous policy and also lays the groundwork for future work between the IMF and the Nigerian government. This report focuses on structural changes – highlighting the importance of revamping the Nigerian economy. Additionally, looking at the basic economic unit – the household – can show structural changes ass well.   By looking at these structural changes, the real question about revamping the economy can be answered.   Of course, this type of analysis also looks at the indirect effects of economic change.   These are difficult to measure, but by tracing newspaper stories and major events in Nigeria, it may be possible to trace events back to economic policy decisions. Overall, the question of the effectiveness of the IMF’s policies to restructure the Nigerian economy is a very important question with implications for future policy consideration and also a deeper understanding of the past. Now that the world is becoming smaller and national boundaries are being crossed with money and policy, it is more important than ever to understand the impact of economic policy.   Additionally, with the prevalence of capitalism and modernization, the effects of economic policy on third world nations must have a thorough understanding. Reference List International Monetary Fund, The Nigerian Economic Reform Program, IMF, 2005, retrieved 10 January 2007 http://www.imf.org/external/country/NGA/index.htm    World Bank, The Evolution of Poverty and Welfare in Nigeria, 1985-92, World Bank, 1997, retrieved 10 November, 2007, http://www4.worldbank.org/afr/poverty/databank/DocNav/default.cfm [1] World Bank, The Evolution of Poverty and Welfare in Nigeria, 1985-92, World Bank, 1997, retrieved 10 November, 2007, http://www4.worldbank.org/afr/poverty/databank/DocNav/default.cfm [2] International Monetary Fund, The Nigerian Economic Reform Program, IMF, 2005, retrieved 10 January 2007 http://www.imf.org/external/country/NGA/index.htm

Essay on The Awakening -- Chopin Awakening Essays

Critical Views of The Awakening      Ã‚  Ã‚   The Awakening, written by Kate Chopin, is full of ideas and understanding about human nature. In Chopin's time, writing a story with such great attention to sensual details in both men and women caused skepticism among readers and critics. However, many critics have different views with deeper thought given to The Awakening. Symbolism, the interpretation of Edna's suicide, and awakenings play important roles in the analysis of all critics.    Symbolism in The Awakening is interpreted in many ways. It is important to understand the meaning of each explanation of symbolism given by every critic to fully appreciate the novel. Art, for example, becomes a symbol of both freedom and failure(Wyatt). It is through the process of trying to become an artist that Edna reaches the highest point of her awakening(Wyatt). Clothes are also significant in discovering symbolism. When Edna is first introduced she is fully dressed. Gradually, she disrobes until finally she goes into the water to die, completely naked. Her undressing symbolizes the shedding of societal rules in her life, her growing awakening, and it stresses her physical and external self(Wyatt). Two modern critics, Neal Wyatt and Harold Bloom, agree that Edna is symbolized for her "quest for self-discovery or self-hood." Edna feels caged, which makes her quest very difficult. The use of birds in the story helps the reader understand Edna's feeling of entrapment and the inab ility to communicate(Wyatt). Much like the shedding of clothes, birds symbolize freedom and escape from being caged. The ability to spread your wings and fly is a symbolic theme that occurs often in the novel(Wyatt).    Many readers do not like the ending... ...r that many people of her time found unladylike or even perverted. However, as time has passed and readers as well as critics find it easier to talk about sensual emotions, Chopin is now known as one of the most respected and brilliant writers that ever lived. Women had the feelings she wrote about and life was as discriminating as she described it, but only Kate Chopin had the courage to tell about it. Critics have given deep thought to The Awakening and with each analysis one reads, comes a new and unique awakening.    Works Cited Gilbert, Sandra J.   "The Novel of the Awakening."   Bloom, Harold, ed. Modern Critical Views: The Awakening, Kate Chopin Rosowski, Sandra M. "The Second Coming of Aphrodite."   Bloom, Harold, ed. Modern Critical Views:   Kate Chopin; Chelsea House :   New York,   1987. Wyatt, Neal. "Suicide". http.//www.vcu.edu/engweb/eng384

Belbins Roles In Learning Education Essay

This study is all about our group work. How we formed the group and completed the work. What jobs we faced and how we overcome them. Theories we used and the acquisition ‘s. My study is divided into 2 parts: A and B. Part A – how we did it – procedure Part B – what we did – contentPart – AngstromWhilst working in the group we experienced so many things, we besides learn how of import group work is. We besides learnt how to work in the group as a squad participant. We besides noticed as a group we had gone through all the phases which are said by B W Tuckman, which is as follows:FORMINGThis is the phase where we formed our group. We were in group â€Å" D † which was formed by our professor indiscriminately and I got the chance to take the group with the common consent of all group members. Our group consist of 6 members and their descriptions are follows:NameBelbin functionsDescriptionStrengthsFailingShatrughna ( raj )squad leaderTeam worker Cares for persons and the squad. Good hearer and works to decide societal jobs. Can hold jobs doing hard determinations. Co-operative, mild, perceptive and diplomatic Listens, physiques, averts clash Indecisive in crunch state of affairssVijay SinghCompleter Closer Faithfully sees things through to the terminal, pressing out the furrows and guaranting everything plants good. Can worry excessively much and non trust others. Painstaking, careful and dying Searchs out errors and skips Delivers on clip Inclined to worry overly Unwilling to deputeShervinCo -ordinator Respected leader who helps everyone focal point on their undertaking. Can be seen as overly commanding. Mature, confident, a good president Explains ends, promotes decision-making, delegates good Can frequently be seen as manipulative Off tonss personal workGinsySpecialist Has expert knowledge/skills in cardinal countries and will work out many jobs here. Can be disinterested in all other countries. Single-minded, self-starting, dedicated Provides cognition and accomplishments in rare supply Contributes merely on a narrow forepart Dwells on triflesKayMaker Tonss of energy and action, disputing others to travel forwards. Can be insensitive. Challenging, dynamic and thrives on force per unit area The thrust and bravery to get the better of obstructions Prone to aggravation Offends people ‘s feelingsAZeeshanResource research worker Explores new thoughts and possibilities with energy and with others. Good networker. Can be excessively optimistic and lose energy after the initial flower. Extrovert, enthusiastic, communicative Explores chances Develops contacts Over-optimistic Loses involvement one time initial enthusiasm has passed From the above tabular array we can understand that we had every possible Belbin ‘s characters in our group. Bing the leader of the group I had the duty of our success and failure. My biggest challenge was to maintain integrity within the group and at the same clip I had to concentrate on our undertaking: things like subject, research and all. First thing I did was the debut session, where we all sat together in the canteen and introduced ourselves to each other. In that clip we didnt speak anything about our subject and undertaking. The chief thought was to cognize each other really good so that everyone feels comfy in working together. Following measure was how we will pass on with each other so I made a private web site for our squad where we all can come any clip and unrecorded confab, web log, remark and interchange our thoughts.www.freewebs.com/time4studyLearning:High dependance on leader for counsel and way. Small understanding on squad aims other than received from leader. Individual functions and duties are ill-defined. Leader must be prepared to reply tonss of inquiries about the squad ‘s intent, aims and external relationships. Procedures are frequently ignored. Members test tolerance of system and leader. Leader directs ( similar to Situational LeadershipA ® ‘Telling ‘ manner ) .STORMINGThis is the phase where I realised the importance of Belbin ‘s theory. Before get downing the undertaking we had to take a subject so I came up with several subjects. When I put my thoughts in forepart of everyone, I got different responses from different people, as said in belbin ‘s theory people started demoing their characters. We all were confused, tensed and started sort of contending. Thingss were looking truly bad and I was truly disquieted about the integrity in the group. I besides saw a sort of group formation within our group. Then I personally approached everyone. I spoke to them separately about what ‘s incorrect. What is the job? I tried my best to convert them about the importance of integrity and fortuitously I got a positive response. Actually there was no job ; it ‘s merely the clang of different personalities. And subsequently on everyone realised that. So eventually we decided on one subject and consulted our coach about our thought. We got really good response from our coach and once more we were happy and united.Learning:Decisions do n't come easy within group. Team members vie for place as they attempt to set up themselves in relation to other squad members and the leader, who might have challenges from squad members. Clarity of purpose additions but plentifulness of uncertainnesss persist. Cliques and cabals signifier and there may be power battles. The squad needs to be focused on its ends to avoid going distracted by relationships and emotional issues. Compromises may be required to enable advancement. Leader managers ( similar to Situational LeadershipA ® ‘Selling ‘ manner ) .NORMINGNow everything was clear, there was no misinterpretation and most significantly we knew our subject of research. This is the phase where people started sharing their jobs with each other and recognized my function as a squad leader. Now I wanted to organize everything decently so that we do n't halt in the center. I distributed the work and gave them the option for any alterations. I asked everyone separately if they are happy or non. Again I had to do some alterations in our programs for their convenience. Now, we knew precisely what everyone had to make. Everyone knew their functions, their country of research and work. We all started concentrating on our portion of research.Raj( Research, information assemblage, organizing, accounts, debut and decision, assisting everyone )Vijay( Problems, types, illustrations, impact, planing, )Ginsy( Psychological jobs, impact )Shervin( Solutions and recommendations )ZeeshanHelping custodiesKayHelping custodiesLearning:Agreement and consensus is mostly formed amongst squad, who respond good to facilitation by leader. Roles and duties are clear and accepted. Large determinations are made by group understanding. Smaller determinations may be delegated to persons or little squads within group. Commitment and integrity is strong. The squad may prosecute in merriment and societal activities. The squad discusses and develops its procedures and working manner. There is general regard for the leader and some of leading is more shared by the squad. Leader f acilitates and enables ( similar to the Situational LeadershipA ® ‘Participating ‘ manner ) .ActingUndertakings were given now the clip was to execute and everyone had to demo their quality. Result was flooring. We all shared our work and we all were really happy to see that we were on the right path. Personally, I was really happy to see the quality of our work. Everyone had done tonss of difficult work which was demoing in the research stuff. I had great trouble while finalizing the presentation. I was confused about what to see in the presentation and what should go forth. Fortunately everyone were collaborating and believing about what is best for the group. We finished our presentation and were thirstily waiting for showing it in forepart of everyone.Learning:The squad is more strategically cognizant ; the squad knows clearly what it is making and why it is making. The squad has a shared vision and is able to stand on its ain pess with no intervention or engagemen t from the leader. There is a focal point on over-achieving ends, and the squad makes most of the determinations against standards agreed with the leader. The squad has a high grade of liberty. Disagreements occur but now they are resolved within the squad positively and necessary alterations to procedures and construction are made by the squad. The squad is able to work towards accomplishing the end, and besides to go to to relationship, manner and procedure issues along the manner. Team members look after each other. The squad requires delegated undertakings and undertakings from the leader. The squad does non necessitate to be instructed or assisted. Team members might inquire for aid from the leader with personal and interpersonal development. Leader delegates and oversees ( similar to the Situational LeadershipA ® ‘Delegating ‘ manner ) .ADJOURNINGLearning:Tuckman ‘s 5th phase, Adjourning, is the break-up of the group, hopefully when the undertaking is compl eted successfully, its intent fulfilled ; everyone can travel on to new things, experiencing good about what ‘s been achieved. From an organisational position, acknowledgment of and sensitiveness to people ‘s exposures in Tuckman ‘s 5th phase is helpful, peculiarly if members of the group have been closely bonded and experience a sense of insecurity or menace from this alteration. Feelingss of insecurity would be natural for people with high ‘steadiness ‘ properties ( as respects the ‘four dispositions ‘ or DISC theoretical account ) and with strong modus operandi and empathy manner ( as respects theA BenzigerA believing manners theoretical account, right and left basal encephalon laterality ) .Part – BacillusWhat is our subject? Our subject of presentation and research was â€Å" employee favoritism † Why we chose this subject? While analyzing human resources we noticed that we did n't discourse about diverseness and favoritism and this is the biggest job faced by all administrations because of globalization. We thought this is a alone subject and everyone will acquire the opportunity to larn how favoritism impacts and what is the solution. After all today or tomorrow we all are traveling to confront this job.My part:As a squad leader I had to take the enterprise and inspire others from my work. I started posting my work on our web site. I did research on – Diversity and favoritism, Meaning and definitions London as a diverse metropolis Problems and impact Solutions and recommendations Laws and moralss My entire work was around 10,000 words. ( Can be viewed on our web site ) hypertext transfer protocol: //time4study.webs.com/apps/blog/My work methodological analysis:Undertakingaˆ? specify the undertaking aˆ? make the program aˆ? allocate work and resources aˆ? control quality and rate of work aˆ? cheque public presentation against program aˆ? adjust the programTeamaˆ? maintain subject aˆ? physique squad spirit aˆ? encourage, motivate, give a sense of intent aˆ? appoint sub-leaders aˆ? guarantee communicating within group aˆ? develop the groupMembershipSize of the groupCompatibility of membersDiversenessIndividualaˆ? attend to personal jobs aˆ? congratulations persons aˆ? give position aˆ? recognize and utilize single abilities aˆ? develop the personCardinal Drivers:Group coherence + public presentationStructure and mannerManagement and leadingSuccessExternal menaceWork environmentNature ofthe undertakingPhysicalputingCommunicationTechnologyGroup development and adulthoodFormingRampingNormingPerformingLearning as Team leader:Learning as team leader:Ideal taking mannerAsking inquiries alternatively of giving repliesBy inquiring such inquiries such as â€Å" What do you believe we should make? † or â€Å" How make you propose we continue? † you take a measure behind another individual. Whether you stay behind, of class, depends on your purpose to really follow the suggestion or reply of that other individual.Supplying chances for others to take youThis goes beyond the traditional impression of looking for growing chances for other people. Unless the chance in inquiry bears a existent hazard for your personal public presentation result, you are non really positioning yourself as a follower.Ma king existent work in support of others alternatively of merely the contraryRolling up your arms and lending â€Å" perspiration equity † to the attempts and results of other people earns you their grasp as person upon whom they can depend, irrespective of the comparative hierarchical or functional place each of you holds.Leader must follow are:Individual public presentationAs a leader, you must follow another person, irrespective of hierarchy, if: aˆ? That person, through experience, accomplishment, and opinion, knows best. aˆ? That person ‘s growing demands that you invest more in his or her accomplishment and assurance than in your ain. aˆ? Merely that single, non you, has the capacity ( the clip and chance ) to â€Å" acquire it done †Team public presentationAs a leader, you must follow the squad if: aˆ? The squad ‘s intent and public presentation ends demand it aˆ? The squad, non you, must develop accomplishments and assurance aˆ? The squad ‘s agreed-upon working attack requires you, like all the others, to make existent workOrganizational public presentationAs a leader, you must follow others, irrespective of hierarchy, if: aˆ? The organisation ‘s intent and public presentation ends demand it aˆ? The demand for spread outing the leading capacity of others in the organisation requires it aˆ? â€Å" Living † the vision and values enjoins you to make soFive transformational manners:Transformational StyleLeader Behaviour1 ) Idealized Behaviors: populating one ‘s ideals aˆ? Talk about their most of import values and beliefs aˆ? Specify the importance of holding a strong sense of intent aˆ? See the moral and ethical effects of determinations aˆ? Champion exciting new possibilities aˆ? Talk about the importance of swearing each other2 ) Inspirational Motivation:animating others aˆ? Talk optimistically about the hereafter aˆ? Talk enthusiastically about what needs to be accomplished aˆ? Articulate a compelling vision of the hereafter aˆ? Express assurance that ends will be achieved aˆ? Provide an exciting image of what is indispensable to see aˆ? Take a base on controversial issues3 ) Intellectual Stimulation:exciting others aˆ? Re-examine critical premises to oppugn whether they are appropriate aˆ? Seek differing positions when work outing jobs aˆ? Get others to look at jobs from many different angles aˆ? Suggest new ways of looking at how to finish assignments aˆ? Encourage non-traditional thought to cover with traditional jobs aˆ? Encourage rethinking those thoughts which have ne'er been questioned before 4 ) Individualized Consideration: coaching and development aˆ? Spend clip instruction and coaching aˆ? Treat others as persons instead than merely as members of the group aˆ? Consider persons as holding different demands, abilities, and aspirations from others aˆ? Help others to develop their strengths aˆ? Listen attentively to others ‘ concerns aˆ? Promote ego development5 ) Idealized Properties:Respect, trust, and religion aˆ? Instill pride in others for being associated with them aˆ? Go beyond their opportunisms for the good of the group aˆ? Act in ways that build others ‘ regard aˆ? Display a sense of power and competency aˆ? Make personal forfeits for others ‘ benefit aˆ? Reassure others that obstructions will be overcomeDecisionAlthough non every group got to the harmonic public presentation phase, I felt really lucky to be portion of a cohesive group. Our group went through all five phases described by Tuckman. As we were schoolmates in the same class, we went through phase one really rapidly. The storming phase largely evolved in the first hebdomad when we discussed which sort of subject we should take. However, every struggle was dealt with rapidly and swimmingly, this was partially because we knew each other really good already, and besides because no 1 of us had a ascendant personality, and I would wish to state everyone in our group was really nice, helpful and difficult working. So every bit long as we decided to make the undertaking, we shortly engaged to norming phase and put up the regulations each one should follow. We did back up each other, and our communicating had ever been really good. Based on the successful old phases, our g roup performed really good, successfully developed the presentation. Finally, although our undertaking had finished, all five of us became really good friends, and maintain in good touch boulder clay now. After reexamining the theories together with my ain experience, I would reason that, in pattern, many groups can work good even without consciousness of this theoretical account. However, with these theoretical accounts ‘ aid, we can break understand what is go oning and traveling to go on during group development, and this consciousness can assist us to better decide any possible jobs and acquire to the perform phase more rapidly.

About the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914

The Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914, was enacted on October 15, 1914, with a goal of strengthening provisions of the Sherman Antitrust Act. Enacted in 1890, the Sherman Act had been the first federal law intended to protect consumers by outlawing monopolies, cartels, and trusts. The Clayton Act sought to enhance and address weaknesses in the Sherman Act by preventing such unfair or anti-competitive business practices in their infancy. Specifically, the Clayton Act expanded the list of prohibited practices, provided a three-level enforcement process, and specified exemptions and remedial or corrective methods. Background If trust is a good thing, why does the United States have so many â€Å"antitrust† laws, like the Clayton Antitrust Act? Today, a â€Å"trust† is simply a legal arrangement in which one person, called the â€Å"trustee,† holds and manages a property for the benefit of another person or group of people. But in the late 19th century, the term â€Å"trust† was typically used to describe a combination of separate companies. The 1880s and 1890s saw a rapid increase in the number of such large manufacturing trusts, or â€Å"conglomerates,† many of which were viewed by the public as having too much power. Smaller companies argued that the large trusts or â€Å"monopolies† had an unfair competitive advantage over them. Congress soon began to hear the call for antitrust legislation. Then, as now, fair competition among businesses resulted in lower prices for consumers, better products and services, greater choice of products, and increased innovation. Brief History of Antitrust Laws Advocates of antitrust laws argued that the success of the American economy depended on the ability of small, independently owned business to compete fairly with each other. As  Senator John Sherman  of Ohio stated in 1890, â€Å"If we will not endure a king as a political power we should not endure a king over the production, transportation, and sale of any of the necessaries of life.†   Ã‚   In 1890, Congress passed the  Sherman Antitrust Act  by nearly unanimous votes in both the  House  and  Senate. The Act prohibits companies from conspiring to restrain free trade or otherwise monopolize an industry. For example, the Act bans groups of companies from participating in â€Å"price fixing,† or mutually agreeing to unfairly control prices of similar products or services. Congress designated the  U.S. Department of Justice  to enforce the Sherman Act.   In 1914, Congress enacted the  Federal Trade Commission Act  prohibiting all companies from using unfair competition methods and acts or practices designed to deceive consumers. Today the Federal Trade Commission Act is aggressively enforced by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), an independent agency of the executive branch of government. Clayton Antitrust Act Bolsters the Sherman Act Recognizing the need to clarify and strengthen the fair business safeguards provided by the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, Congress in 1914 passed an amendment to the Sherman Act called the  Clayton Antitrust Act. President Woodrow Wilson signed the bill into law on October 15, 1914. The Clayton Act addressed the growing trend during the early 1900s for large corporations to strategically dominate entire sectors of business by employing unfair practices like predatory price fixing, secret deals, and mergers intended only to eliminate competing companies. Specifics of the Clayton Act The Clayton Act addresses unfair practices not clearly prohibited by the Sherman Act, such as predatory mergers and â€Å"interlocking directorates,† arrangements in which the same person makes business decisions for several competing companies. For example, Section 7 of the Clayton Act bans companies from merging with or acquiring other companies when the effect â€Å"may be substantially to lessen competition, or to tend to create a monopoly.† In 1936, the  Robinson-Patman Act  amended the Clayton Act to prohibit anticompetitive price discrimination and allowances in dealings between merchants. Robinson-Patman was designed to protect small retail shops against unfair competition from large chain and â€Å"discount† stores by establishing minimum prices for certain retail products. The Clayton Act was again amended in 1976 by the  Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act, which requires companies planning major mergers and acquisitions to notify both the Federal Trade Commission and the Department of Justice of their plans well in advance of the action. In addition, the Clayton Act allows private parties, including consumers, to sue companies for triple damages when they have been harmed by an action of a company that violates either the Sherman or Clayton Act and to obtain a court order prohibiting the anticompetitive practice in the future. For example, the Federal Trade Commission often secures court orders banning companies from continuing false or deceptive advertising campaigns or sales promotions. The Clayton Act and Labor Unions Emphatically stating that â€Å"the labor of a human being is not a commodity or article of commerce,† the Clayton Act forbids corporations from preventing the organization of labor unions. The Act also prevents union actions such as strikes and compensation disputes from being in antitrust lawsuits filed against a corporation. As a result, labor unions are free to organize and negotiate wages and benefits for their members without being accused of illegal price fixing. Penalties for Violating the Antitrust Laws The Federal Trade Commission and the Department of Justice share the authority to enforce the antitrust laws. The Federal Trade Commission can file antitrust lawsuits in either the federal courts  or in hearings held before  administrative law  judges. However, only the Department of Justice can bring charges for violations of the Sherman Act. In addition, the Hart-Scott-Rodino Act gives the state attorneys general authority to file antitrust lawsuits in either state or federal courts. Penalties for violations of the Sherman Act or the Clayton Act as amended can be severe and can include criminal and civil penalties: Violations of the Sherman Act:  Companies violating the Sherman Act can be fined up to $100 million. Individuals – typically executives of the violating corporations—can be fined up to $1 million and sent to prison for up to 10 years. Under federal law, the maximum fine may be increased to twice the amount the conspirators gained from the illegal acts or twice the money lost by the victims of the crime  if either of those amounts is over $100 million.Violations of the Clayton Act:  Corporations and individuals violating the Clayton Act can be sued by the people they harmed for three times the actual amount of the damages they suffered. For example, a consumer who spent $5,000 on a falsely advertised product or service can sue the offending businesses for up to $15,000. The same â€Å"treble damages† provision can also be applied in â€Å"class-action† lawsuits filed on the behalf of multiple victims. Damages also include attorneys fees and other cour t costs. The Basic Objective of Antitrust Laws Since the enactment of the Sherman Act in 1890, the objective of the U.S. antitrust laws has remained unchanged: to ensure fair business competition in order to benefit consumers by providing incentives for businesses to operate efficiently thus allowing them to keep quality up and prices down. Antitrust Laws in Action Breakup of Standard Oil While charges of violations of the antitrust laws are file and prosecuted every day, a few examples stand out due to their scope and the legal precedents they set. One of the earliest and most famous examples is the court-ordered 1911 breakup of the giant Standard Oil Trust monopoly. By 1890, the Standard Oil Trust of Ohio controlled 88% of all oil refined and sold in the United States. Owned at the time by John D. Rockefeller, Standard Oil had achieved its oil industry domination by slashing its prices while buying up many of its competitors. Doing so allowed Standard Oil to lower its production costs while increasing its profits.In 1899 the Standard Oil Trust was reorganized as the Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey. At the time, the â€Å"new† company owned stock in 41 other oil companies, which controlled other companies, which in turn controlled yet other companies. The conglomerate was viewed by the public – and the Department of Justice as an all-controlling monopoly, controlled by a small, elite group of directors who acted without accountability to the industry or the public.In 1909, the Department of Justice sued Standard Oil under the Sherman Act for creating and maintaining a monopoly and restricting interstate commerce. On May 15, 1911, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the lower court’s decision declaring the Standard Oil group to be an unreasonable monopoly. The Court ordered Standard Oil broken up into 90 smaller, independent companies with different directors.